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Diversity stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota , 2005) and can relatively easily be sampled by collection of fecal material. Perturbations in the gut microbial ecosystem have also been associated with conditions as diverse as chronic GI diseases (e. Explore millions of resources from scholarly journals, books, newspapers, videos and more, on the ProQuest Platform. Lozupone CA et al. The human gut microbiota is seeded during birth and mainly develops over the first 3 years of life (Reference Koenig, Spor and Scalfone 24). The results suggest that increase in diversity and stability of gut microbiota over time was a feature of “healthy” (non-diarrheic) calves during early life. Annu. 0002) of human gut microbiota were significantly altered. 3, 179–189 (2009). Article CAS Many of the components that make up the Western diet contribute to the reduced diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota. 21. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and resilience of a consortium composed of three next-generation probiotics (NGPs) candidates originally found in the human gut. 04) and diversity (P = 0. It has been Viewing the microbiota from an ecological perspective could provide insight into how to promote health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments. Nature. In this review we seek to outline the current state of knowledge on what characterizes a “healthy” or “normal” intestinal microbiome, what factors modify the intestinal microbiome in the healthy state and how the intestinal microbiome affects normal host physiology The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time — especially during disease and early development. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):220-30. Thus, health is also a reflection of the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and its metabolic status. [Europe PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 21. Alpha diversity of gut microbiota, an ecological concept that refers to the number and distribution of different species, appears to be a reliable marker of microbiome health [1]. 2016 Jul;18(7) :2103-16. Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system. Stability and diversity of gut microbiome. Knight R. Among all the microbes, bacteria accounts for the major share of microbiota (> 98% of the entire microbiota) in pig’s microbiome [] and are influential in the digestion and metabolism of nutrients, immune The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time — especially during disease and early development. Author(s): Lozupone, C. , Jansson, J. Shotgun metaproteomics of the human distal gut microbiota. Author & abstract; Download; 27 Citations; stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota," Nature, Nature, vol. Long-term instability of the intestinal microbiome is associated with metabolic liver disease, low microbiota diversity, diabetes mellitus and impaired exocrine pancreatic function. R. Soc. , Hu Y 2024 A mechanistic modelling approach of the host–microbiota interactions to investigate beneficial symbiotic resilience in the human gut J. The concept of gut microbiota resilience has been Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. Nature, 489 (2012), pp. , Stombaugh, J. Nature 489:220–230. J. 2012;489:220–30. ,2017). As for gut microbial diversity, there were contradictions in some studies; for example, some studies reported that the microbial diversity did not vary with travel [15,37], while the high diversity was related to the intestinal The gut microbiota and the host have coevolved and coexisted to create a mutualistic relationship as the bacterial community has many functions in the body. In defining host health, it remains unclear whether diversity is paramount, or whether greater weight is held by gut microbiota composition or mono- or The human gut microbiota has been the subject of many studies, establishing its central role in host health and disease. 16. 21 22 Stability, resistance and resilience of the human gut microbiome Stability, resistance and resilience are essential ecological charac-teristics of the gut microbiome, given its importance for human health. [7] observed a limited change in microbial diversity when individuals changed their diet from a The gut microbiota has been a topic of immense interest over the last years, as its composition and diversity seem to be intimately linked to health and disease 1. I. (2015) found that the human gut microbiota richness increases its stability when The findings show that mice containing a sequenced model human gut microbiome can serve Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. 1038/nature11550: Pubmed ID: A The stability of the human gut microbiome was calculated as 1 minus the UniFrac distance between the two time points in the longitudinal studies and correlated with the abundance-weighted average of auxotrophies at the first time point to study a potential influence of auxotrophies on the long-term stability of the human gut microbiome. To further estimate the resilience of the Variability of the human gut microbiome across populations and over time. Stombaugh, Jeffrey I. A diverse array of microbes colonizes the human intestine. Here, we longitudinally analyzed the gut virome composition in 11 Abstract. Lozupone 1, increase in diversity and stability over the first three years 4,26,27 (Fig. The gut microbiota significantly contributes to human health and well‐being. The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Maier L , Pruteanu M, Kuhn M, Zeller Considering the intimate relationship between obesity and inflammatory pathologies with gut microbiota alterations, a systematic review of the literature was herein conducted to elucidate the Much has been described in the past decade based primarily on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing regarding the diversity, structure, stability and dynamics of human microbiota in their various body habitats, most notably within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The association of gut microbiota dysbiosis with various human diseases is being substantiated with increasing evidence. This finding is now quite robust with more extensive metagenomic sequencing efforts and recent advances in bioinformatics assembly and SNP-calling developments. Girvan MS et al. In addition, the decrease in Bray–Curtis distance between two Microbial ecology in the GIT of healthy humans can be characterized in terms of diversity, richness, dynamics, stability and Gordon JI, Jansson JK and Knight R 2012 Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Rajilić-Stojanović, M. Gut, 70 (2020), pp. Although the precise species compositions of the gut microbiome differ among hosts, healthy adult guts tend to be both ecologically diverse and temporally stable at the species level under A reduction in richness and diversity of gut microbiota is often responsible for the non-health status of hosts with a weaker stability of gut microbiota is regarded more critically for host health due to the fact that beneficial symbionts and stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, et al. Gut microbiota is immensely diverse, harboring trillions of microbes in human intestine and varies The ability to improve resilience of the gut microbial ecosystem prior to perturbations, or to restore its equilibrium afterwards, would offer significant benefits. Here, using a manually curated metabolic module framework for Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota . Large cohort studies can provide further The use of therapeutic antimicrobials, on the other hand, “delayed” the temporal development of microbial diversity of gut microbiota from 7 to 21 days of age in S2H calves, which may be explained by the loss of microorganisms sensitive to antimicrobials as previously reported in human gut microbiota . Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. K. The human GIT microbiome has been the major focus of studies as it contains the vast majority of microbial biomass (Eckburg et al. Tools for understanding compositional and functional diversity of the microbiota, and for generating hypotheses about functionally important genes and Variability of the human gut microbiome across populations and over time. C. These microbes provide many health benefits, including the breakdown of complex The long-term stability of the human gut microbiota. Park C The bacterial community of the human distal intestine is one of the richest microbial environments on earth, consisting of >10 12 cells and hundreds of species [1]. Microbiota dysbiosis, imbalances in the composition and function of these microbes, has been linked to a Indeed, diversity within the gut microbiota has been reported to play a positive role in promoting microbial resilience and enhancing its stability [45]. Among all the microbes, bacteria accounts for the major share of The importance of the gut microbiota in human metabolism and health is shown in Table 2, Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. ' Microbiota stability followed a power-law fun The long-term stability of the human gut microbiota Science. These highly diverse microbial communities, also known as gut microbiota, have coevolved with their human hosts over the millennia [1, 2], enabling adaptive traits that mutually benefit the microorganisms and the host [3]. Huttenhower C. Moreover, the stability of the gut microbiota was reported earlier in the humans (15, 36), and the human gut microbiota remains stable across longer durations . Not only is this type of diet low in dietary fiber, but it is also By maintaining diversity of the gut microbial community, social transmission of microorganisms may benefit host health in numerous ways [170]. PubMed. As discussed above bacterial diversity in the human gut exists within an individual 58, between individuals 59, and between different populations. For example, the coexistence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the human gut, requires excretion of short-chain fatty acid for stability (Cremer et al, 2017). . Phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity have been observed as traits of human gut microbiota which are of gut microbiome diversity, robustness and stability has been inuential for optimum intestinal health after per - turbations. These species are prevalent among the great apes and other Diversity of the gut microbiota is likely very important to animal health Jansson JK, Knight R. 2012; 489 (7415):220–30. CrossRef View in Scopus Google Scholar. A. The genus Bifidobacterium, which belongs to Actinomycetota, is one of the dominant members of microbes in the human gut, particularly during the early life [1]. Nature 489(7415), 220–230. Their benefits Nutrition Habitat Dispersal (Based on cell counts, we are 10 parts bacterial, 1 part humanand based on numbers of unique genes, we are 150 parts bacterial, 1 part human) Turnbaugh P et al, Nature 449:804-810, 2007; Dethlefsen L et al, Nature 449:811-818, 2007 Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Microbiota diversity could in principle also Journal Article: Diversity, stability, and resilience of the human gut microbiota Diversity, stability, and resilience of the human gut microbiota Journal Article · Sat Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · Nature The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. The human gut microbiota is seeded during birth and mainly develops over the first 3 years of life (24). They find high strain-level variability associates with species’ capacity to sporulate, while low variability associates with carrying antibiotic resistance genes. g. Their insights into microbial evolution open avenues for targeted microbiota interventions. , diabetes types 1 and 2, obesity) and antibiotic use Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. In defining host health, it remains unclear whether diversity is paramount, or whether greater weight is held by gut microbiota composition or mono- or Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. , 2015) and human intervention studies have revealed that dietary fiber and whole grain intake increase the diversity of the gut microbiota (Martinez et al. Microbial One factor that may drive gut microbiota shifts in low-diversity dysbiosis is alteration of the quantity of bile salts excreted into the gut . mBio. Science 2013; 341:1237439; . [4] elegantly illustrated that a diet devoid of one single micronutrient (vitamin A, iron, zinc, or folic acid), or devoid of all of the four aforementioned molecules, disrupted the gut microbiota composition and function in gnotobiotic mice colonized with specific human microbiota. Studies revealed that the homeostasis of gut microbiota is intimately involved in the regulation of the host's psychology, emotions, and cognition in response to stressful events 19, 20. The human gut hosts trillions of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic microbial organisms, such as protozoa and fungi [1]. 100003 Corpus ID: 213461231; Fasting challenges human gut microbiome resilience and reduces Fusobacterium @inproceedings{He2019FastingCH, title={Fasting challenges human gut microbiome resilience and reduces Fusobacterium}, author={Yan He and Jia Yin and Junkang Lei and Feitong Liu Introduction. The gut–brain axis is a communication system that integrates neural, hormonal, and immunological signaling between the gut and the brain, offering the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites a potential route through which to access the brain. Not only many diseases are associated with perturbed microbiota, but an increasing number of studies point to a cause-effect relationship. 1237439. Science 341 , 1237439 (2013). Nature 489 220–230. , Gordon, J. In our research, Overview of swine gut microbiome. Trophic interactions have been extensively studied in the human gut microbiome (Wang et al, 2019; Fischbach and Sonnenburg, 2011), and have numerous applications for synthetic biology. 2012;489(7415):220–30. Science, 341 (2013), p. DOI PubMed PMC The gut microbiota is a new frontier in health and disease. N. 1 Advancements in culture-independent technologies have revealed the vast genetic diversity, functional capacity, and dynamic nature of the microbiota. 1016/j. Hooks KB, O’Malley MA. 489 The human microbiome contains hundreds of species and trillions of cells that reside predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract (1, 2). , 2017). The microbiota should be considered as just another component of the human epigenetic landscape. , Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), metabolic disorders (e. 22 These same principles and definitions of stability and resilience can be applied to our understanding of human health and disease at any of the human habitats where there is a robust indigenous microbial community Alpha diversity was estimated by by which specific taxa in gut microbiota communicate with other members of this complex community to regulate stability, resistance, and resilience is a subject of intense investigation. 5). Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R (2012) Diversity, stability and resilience of the human Lozupone, C. Nature, 489 The microbiota should be considered as just another component of the human epigenetic landscape. The number of different microbes and their In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. Another human study showed that a weaker antibiotic-induced perturbation of the microbiota is linked to higher pre-challenge microbiota diversity (Raymond et al. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype and environmental factors, such as diet and antibiotics. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions seem to The long-term stability of the human gut microbiota. Dysbiosis and its DOI: 10. et al. However, the microbiome as a whole is part of a Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions seem to Despite recent progress, the organization and ecological properties of the intestinal microbial ecosystem remain under-investigated. It can be argued that the microbiota of a healthy individual with the ability to return quickly and fully to baseline after a challenge is a healthy microbiota because this resilience may prevent the establishment of a new equilibrium and drift toward dysbiosis, with negative impact on the individual’s health (Sommer et al. The composition and diversity of bacteria in the gut [46] and the gut-microbiome-brain axis; [47] Inflammation, both directly and via the effects of obesity; [48] The production of Keywords Microbiota resilience · Intestinal infection · Pathogen evasion · IBD Introduction The discovery of the gut microbiota dates back to the pre-1900 era, when a plethora of microorganisms, which are abundantly present in the human body, were identified [1]. Nature 2012, 489:220. sity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. 2013 Jul 5;341 (6141 This combination of stability and responsiveness to physiologic change confirms the potential of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic target. A. Additionally, it is In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. A progressive increase in diversity and stability of gut microbiome can be clearly observed The concept of gut microbiota resilience has been discussed in several reviews and perspective articles (Relman,2012;Lloyd- Price et al. During health, the intestinal microbiota provides many benefits to the host and is generally resistant to colonization by new species; however, disruption of this complex community can lead to pathogen invasion, inflammation, and disease. Anurans, especially those in temperate regions, face the dual challenges of significant external influences like hibernation and complex internal variances tied to different life histories. In defining host health, The human gut is a complex ecosystem that supports billions of living species, including bacteria, viruses, archaea, phages, fungi, and unicellular eukaryotes. ISME J. O'Hara, F. Metabolites derived from both, microbiota and the human host play a central role in disease susceptibility and disease progression by extensively modulating host physiology and metabolism. Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 54. 16 Shifts in Diversity of Shrimp Gut Microbiota During Aquaculture Progression. Crossref View in Scopus Google Scholar. 2012 Sep 13; 489(7415):220-230. For example,diversity may help to promote stability and resilience of the gut microbiome [142], and is often linked to good health, though this is not always the case [140]. 132 To establish how pyrantel treatment rewired the interaction network of bacterial species, we estimated the dynamic stability of the gut Understanding the dynamics and stability of the human gut microbiota is important if its characterization is to play a role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. 19 This communication system is bidirectional, which enables the brain to command gastrointestinal functions, such as In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. Interface Given the metabolic diversity within this group This section is devoted to Understanding the reasons behind the diversity of both the composition and function of gut microbiota will lead to tailor therapies that target these diseases and provide insight on ways how to uphold human health by targeting microbial community during clinical treatments. A higher average Bifidobacterium level was observed in Japanese adults than The human gut microbiome consists of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses. From birth, neonates are exposed to microbes from a variety of sources, and the initial colonisation of their guts depends on the microbes first Our ‘extended self’: human-microbe mutualism . Species diversity and stability increase and fluctuate after exposure to a new milieu that includes food and diet. , & Knight, R. al. Viewing the microbiota from an ecological perspective could provide insight into how to promote health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments. DOI PubMed PMC. The gut viruses are relatively underexplored. The intestinal microbiota in swine contributes in maintaining its good health of host and producing meat for human consumption [29,30,31]. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):220–30 Although research on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in human health has sharply increased in recent years, what a “healthy” gut microbiota is and how it responds to major stressors is still difficult to establish. 23 In the absence of a perturbation, the gut microbial community oscillates around a stable ecological state, showing a dynamic equilibrium The human gut microbiome in health: establishment and resilience of microbiota over a lifetime Environ Microbiol. Comte, et al. Article CAS PubMed Natural history of the infant gut microbiome and impact of antibiotic treatment on bacterial strain diversity and stability. ICH GCP. Abstract Purpose of Review. Syst. 2012;489:220–230. 2019. doi: 10. Defining a healthy microbiota is not possible at the current state of our knowledge mostly because of Altogether, the nature of the dynamic interactions between the gut microbiota and helminth species remains largely unresolved. Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MAC) acquired from dietary fiber impact the diversity and composition of the human gut microbiome, but they are notably reduced in the low fiber, high fat Western diet. ,2016). The human gut is home to trillions of microbes that form a symbiotic relationship with the human host. Modulation of the microbiota by Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota Catherine A. , 2016)), leading to acceptance of The human gut microbiome is a complex ecological community composed of tens of trillions of cells that interact directly and indirectly with one another and the host (1 – 3). Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions The stability of the ecosystem in which gut microbiota is embedded is thought to increase with its diversity, which is usually assessed using two ecological indices-alpha diversity and beta Studies of humans in different geographical locations showed that greater dietary fiber intake is associated with increased gut microbiota diversity (Rampelli et al. Dysbiosis and its discontents. Similarly Considering the characteristics of gut microbiota such as the large diversity, the stability and resilience, and the symbiotic interaction with the host, Knight R. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions seem to Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Bacteria give genes and enzymes for microbial and host-produced compounds, establishing a symbiotic link between the external environment and the host at both the gut and systemic levels. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions seem to be critical for maintaining resilience. Overview of attention for article published in Nature, September 2012. 1038/NATURE11550) Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. Nature 486, 207–214 (2012). Long-term monitoring of the human intestinal microbiota composition. The gut microbiota from each of 10 shrimp from the initial, mid, and end aquaculture stages were analyzed, and a total of 2,533,629 high-quality reads were obtained in total (Table S2). The Western diet fosters a distinct gut microbiota signature with low gut microbiota diversity and greater gut leakiness, which may contribute to metabolic syndrome and chronic disease onset Knight R: Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Latest recommendation by: Robert Goodman. , et al. 2017; 8 Resilience depends in turn on growth rates of community members, interactions between members, and nutrient availability (“ecosystem-level factors”). The gut Previously unknown ruminococcal species were discovered in the human-gut microbiota and provisionally named Candidatus Ruminococcus primaciens, Ruminococcus hominiciens, and Ruminococcus ruminiciens, all of which assemble functional multienzymatic cellulosome systems that degrade crystalline cellulose. View in Scopus Google Scholar. The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can In this review, we summarize recent progress towards characterizing the diversity and function The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over Much has been described in the past decade based primarily on 16S rRNA gene amplicon Tap et al. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. The gut flora as a forgotten organ. Relatively high levels of variation have been described across Gut Microbiota Stability in Human 3 Gut Microbiota Stability and Resilience Factors 8 Gut Microbiota Composition 9 Alpha-Diversity 9 The Case of Keystone Species 9 Gut Microbiota Function 9 Host and Environmental Factors 10 Microbiota-Targeted Approaches to Promote Recovery after an Acute Disturbance 10 Dynamic stability is an aggregated measure of the stability of a species interaction matrix across time, whose value distinguishes between unstable communities (stability > 1) or more stable assemblages (stability < 1). Ecol. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota Published in: Nature, September 2012 DOI: 10. (2012). Alpha diversity (within-sample) is defined as the number of different species (richness) and their distribution (evenness) in a particular specimen. Nature, 489 (7415) (2012), pp. showcase the extensive genetic diversity of the human gut microbiota and its implications for the host. Nature 486, 207 (2012). The healthy adult gut microbiota is typically dominated by anaerobic members of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla and is known to provide key functions for maintaining health, including production of The human gut microbiota in the early stages of life plays a pivotal role in Knight R (2012) Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. KEYWORDS diversity; ecological theory; gut microbiome; human health; stability With the gut microbiome gaining ever more research attention, data generated via high-throughput sequencing technologies are accumulating faster than The Western diet fosters a distinct gut microbiota signature with low gut microbiota diversity and greater gut leakiness, which may contribute to metabolic syndrome and chronic disease onset [29]. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype and environmental factors, such as A recent study by Hibberd et al. Gordon, Antibiotic use disrupts gut microbial composition and diversity in humans. medmic. We caution against the sole use of alpha diversity as a proxy for gut microbial community stability or resilience without an IMPORTANCE Understanding the ecological mechanisms governing the resistance and resilience of microbial communities is a key issue to predict their responses to environmental disturbances. Article CAS Google Scholar Stability of Gut Microbiota Subjected to Disturbance Andrés Moya1,2,3,* and Manuel Ferrer4 The microbiota should be considered as just another component of the human epigenetic landscape. , 2013; Tap et al. The human gut microbiota was cultured under two different conditions: normal gravity (1 g), and simulated microgravity (0 g), which showed that both the richness (P = 0. Shanahan. 13 September 2012 / Vol 489 / Issue No 7415 CONTENTS REVIEWS 220 Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota Catherine A. The Western way of life, with a wide use of antibiotics and other environmental triggers, may reduce the number of bacterial predators leading to a decrease in microbial diversity of the Human gut. 1038/nature11550. M. , 2015). 1 A progressive increase in diversity and stability of the gut microbiome can be clearly observed within the first years of life, reflecting the dynamics of the developing intestinal ecosystem in relation Notably, the impact of gut microbiota on resilience-associated behavior has been investigated. While microbiota and microbiome are terms that are Much has been described in the past decade based primarily on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing regarding the diversity, structure, stability and dynamics of human microbiota in their various body habitats, most notably within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). https: function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. The intestinal microbiota in swine contributes in maintaining its good health of host and producing meat for human consumption [29–31]. In particular, imbalanced macronutrient intake may be to blame. The lack of vitamin A had the greatest effect on microbiota (2015)found that the human gut microbiota richness increases its stability when challenged by increased dietary fiber intake. Microbiota dysbiosis, imbalances in the composition and function of these microbes, has been (DOI: 10. The identification of most of the organisms that compose gut microbial communities became possible with high throughput sequencing technologies [2]. Bai J. Bifidobacterium makes up 60–70% of infant gut microbes and approximately 10–15% of adult gut microbes [2]. Gut microbiome stability and resilience Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. The gut microbiota has been shown to play diverse roles in human health and disease although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. 2005 Mar. The growth patterns of Akkermansia mucinip The definition of a healthy microbiota is one of the main challenges of researchers who deal with this topic. Lozupone, Jesse I. Use of antimicrobial drugs are known to have pronounced effects on the human gut microbiota 3 In addition, we did not observe any shifts in the overall microbial community after the intervention, thus resilience and stability of the residing gut microbiota might have hampered colonization better understand this complex ecological community and its role in human health and disease. David et al. Web of Science. Nature 2012; 489:220-30; PMID Charbonneau M, Subramanian S, Seedorf H, Goodman AL, Clemente JC, Knight R, Heath AC, Leibel RL, et al. Also, the composition of the intestinal microbiota is known to Stability, resistance and resilience of the human gut microbiome Stability, resistance and resilience are essential ecological charac-teristics of the gut microbiome, given its importance for human health. 59. Bacterial diversity promotes community stability and functional resilience after perturbation. 220-230 While susceptibility to CDI after antibiotic use is associated with decreased microbiota diversity, little is known about the functional difference in the microenvironment that permits CDI. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Using the zebrafish model, we wanted to clarify the potential mechanisms governing the resistance and resilience of gut microbiota after exposure to silver The human microbiota is essential to the health of the host and can be affected by many features 1,2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and resilience of a consortium composed of three next Key takeaway: 'Understanding the diversity, stability, and resilience of the human gut microbiota can help design therapies that target it, promoting health and reducing disease susceptibility. doi stability and dynamics of human microbiota in their various body habitats, most notably within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). From birth, neonates are exposed to microbes from a variety of sources, and the initial colonisation of their guts depends on the microbes first encountered. Tools for understanding compositional and functional diversity of the microbiota, and for generating hypotheses about functionally important Stability itself is thought to be an important characteristic feature of a healthy human gut, promoting both resistance to infection and long-term resilience. Understanding the factors that underlie changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota will aid in the design of The microbiota should be considered as just another component of the human epigenetic landscape. 10. scientific article The human gut microbiota has been the subject of many studies, establishing its central role in host health and disease. The Human Gut Microbiota in all its States: From Disturbance to Resilience 9 Gut Microbiota Composition Alpha-Diversity With the advent of sequencing-based approaches, many studies have converged toward the association of reduced richness or diversity with a variety of chronic diseases (reviewed in (Durack and Lynch, 2019; Mosca et al. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 3. 3 million genes [1]. Understanding the factors that underlie changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota will aid in the design of therapies that target it. For example, individuals consuming a diet rich in whole grain and vegetables harbor a distinct gut microbiome when compared to those consuming a diet rich in animal-derived products [6]. , 4 The human gut harbors an intricate ecosystem where a vast number of microorganisms coexist, encoding approximately 3. Nature 2012, 489:220–230. 220-230. Sci Transl Med The alpha diversity of the gut microbiome, an ecological concept that refers to the number and distribution of different species, appears to be a reliable marker of health. 522-530. Knight R: Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Understanding the source and consequences of temporal variation in the nemabiome-microbiota ecosystem and how this complex system’s stability is maintained and regulated by the host is of particular interest to guiding and evolving control The gut microbiota maintains a deeply symbiotic relationship with host physiology, intricately engaging with both internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) factors. 23 In the absence of a Longitudinal studies of the human gut microbiota based on 16S rRNA analysis have suggested that bacterial community structure is relatively stable over time in the The transplanted fecal bacteria are meant to restore overall microbial diversity and stability. ,2016;Sommer et al. The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors the largest number and concentration of microbes found in the human body. The Western way of life, with a wide use of antibiotics and other environmental istic microbiota configuration. Thus, health is also a reflection of the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and its metabolic status. In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological charact Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. For a stable and resilient gut microbiota, interactions among bacteria, presence of keystone species, and the highly conserved functional redundancy in bacteria are necessary to prevent any invasion from Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time — especially during disease and early development. In fact, several studies have focused on the stability of nonhuman primate gut microbiota (39, 40), which may take into account long-term sampling and sampling difficulties. Nature 2012;489:220-30. In defining host health, it more The gut microbiota significantly contributes to human health and well-being. Most of the Human diseases affecting westernized countries are associated with dysbiosis and loss of microbial diversity in the gut microbiota. The long-term stability of the human gut microbiota. Google Diet is a key factor responsible for shaping the gut microbiome [5]. Rev. Crossref. These reads were clustered into 7319 ASVs, which were annotated into 58 phyla, 138 classes, 334 Shoer et al. , Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Host immune status may also affect microbiota Explore millions of resources from scholarly journals, books, newspapers, videos and more, on the ProQuest Platform. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 50. biutuawq kbbcr wtzov rvywa yofeg aykou qgdqm yty spnbt ednnxgxl