Defamiliarization in formalism. and scientific methodologies in the study of literary art.

Defamiliarization in formalism For instance, Lev Tolstoy is known for his intense usage of the method, and Tolkien spoke much on the Download Citation | RUSSIAN FORMALISM AND DEFAMILIARIZATION IN LANGUAGE | Formalists broke a category of previous studies that did not rely on the text, by moving the object of study from the Defamiliarization (Ostranenie)-key concept in Russian Formalism 2 Defamiliarization Ostranenie. Defamiliarization, known in Russian Formalism as "Ostranenie" (making strange or unfamiliar), is a fundamental concept that revolutionized the approach to perceiving and understanding literary works. Russian Formalism. Miall ‘, Don Kuiken b a Department of English, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E5 ’ Department of Psychology, Unicersity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E5 the heirs of Russian Formalism. This wide-ranging volume celebrates Shklovsky’s legacy in thing theory, feminist formalism, defamiliarization in film, the limits of the translatable, and it provides newly-sensitized readings of world literature from Cervantes through Tolstoy, Lewis Carroll, Pynchon, and Borges. Murray, Here, too, further investigations are required to demonstrate the existence of such an epistemic transfer. He founded OPOYAZ (Society for the study of poetic language) in the year 1916 which planted the seeds of Russian Formalism. They represented goals that were bigger than their possibilities and this happened because, in general, they applied Russian Formalism is the name for a group of literary scholars and linguists who According to Russian Formalism defamiliarization is the basic function of all devices C O F1 1 ELSEVIER Poetics 22 (1994) 389-407 Foregrounding, defamiliarization, and affect: Response to literary stories '` David S. There follows an outline of how members of the school addressed the topics of verse, narrative, and literary history. . Their work laid the foundation for systematic . It focused on analyzing literature as a self Though Formalism focused primarily on poetry, later Shklovsky, Todorov and Propp analysed the language of fiction, and the way in which it produced the effect of defamiliarization. GUNN 27 Viktor Shklovsky is, perhaps, the most extreme of the Formalists-and the most polemical. " -Carlo Ginzberg Defamiliarization (or estrangement) is the poetic technique that forces readers to see familiar things in strange and unfamiliar ways, in order to influence them to change or enhance their Who developed formalism? Formalism was developed by a group of Russian literary scholars, including Viktor Shklovsky, Boris Eichenbaum, and Roman Jakobson, in the early 20th century. Louis Althusser combined Marxism with the scientifically oriented methods of Structuralism in his essay, Ideology and the Ideological State Apparatuses (1970) and analysed how the dominant systems enforce their Defamiliarization is rooted in Russian formalism and was notably discussed by Viktor Shklovsky in his essay 'Art as Technique'. Definition: Defamiliarization refers to a writer's taking an everyday object that we all recognize and, with a wave of his or her authorial magic wand, rendering that same object weirdly unfamiliar to us—strange even. Chapter. Press, 1976), p. 33. ELSEVIER Poetics 22 (1994) 389-407 Foregrounding, defamiliarization, and affect: Response to literary stories ’ David S. Defamiliarization techniques and their effects on the reader. Defamiliarization is a concept that originated from Russian Formalism, a twentieth-century literary movement. Such habituation explains the principles by which, in ordinary speech, we leave Variously translated as “estrangement,” “enstrangement” or “defamiliarization,” Viktor Shklovsky’s concept of ostranenie is more relevant than ever. Defamiliarization By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on March 17, 2016 • ( 5). 1 Here is the most succinct exposition of what this concept means: If we start to examine the general laws of perception, we see that as perception becomes habitual, it becomes automatic. tozideh@yahoo. Petersburg and Moscow, The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Theory says about defamiliarization: “To defamiliarize is Viktor Shklovsky (1893-1984) was a Russian literary theorist. Defamiliarization, also known as ostranenie, is a concept that originated within the Russian Formalist movement and was Therefore, this study aims to uncover the factors that make a literary work great through formalism and defamiliarization theory, furthermore uncovering the impact of the factors on the story. What a great definition formalism gives to literature at this level. Full-text available. By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on April 12, 2016 • ( 11). The paper is an attempt to explore the artistic charm of the novel by analyzing Hemingway’s use of this artistic formalism, formal sociology A branch of sociology usually considered to have been founded by Georg Simmel, which aims to capture the underlying forms of social relations, and thus to provide a ‘geometry of social life’. Nov 1, 2021 · ABSTRACT. Defamiliarization. Simmel distinguished the ‘content’ of social life (wars, families, education, politics) from its ‘forms’ (such as, for example, conflict), which cut across On the hypothesis that Russian Formalism (so called) might represent an active provocation to the literary humanities currently, the chapter offers a theoretical reconstruction of several basic Both Formalism and new criticism are approaches that advocate for the particular use of language in literary works. With formalism, one does not spend any time concerned with the author’s influences, what the work might say about the contemporary moment in history Mar 17, 2016 · Though Formalism focused primarily on poetry, later Shklovsky, Todorov and Propp analysed the language of fiction, and the way in which it produced the effect of defamiliarization. Russian formalism is a literary theory and analysis, which emerged in the second decade of the 20th century. Russian formalists introduced concepts Defamiliarization is a concept in literary theory that refers to the process of making language strange or unfamiliar by deviating from expected patterns, thereby generating new perceptions and disrupting routine interpretations. It would analyze the use of grammar, word choice, syntax, and how all the elements work together. 1 Here is the most succinct exposition of what this concept means: If we start to examine the general laws of perception, we see that as Defamiliarization: Theorists, Works, and Argument: Theorists – Viktor Shklovsky: A prominent figure associated with the concept of defamiliarization, Viktor Shklovsky, a Russian Defamiliarization or ostranenie Formalism focused on the artistic strategies of the author and made the literary text itself, and not the historical, social or political aspects of the work of art, Defamiliarization ROM THE outset Viktor Shklovskij's formulations of his theory of defamiliarization oppose life to death, the vital to the fossilized, created fullness to eroded Defamiliarization (Ostranenie)-key concept in Russian Formalism 2 Defamiliarization Ostranenie. Russian formalism, Czech structuralism, and Soviet se- The paper deals with the strategies of foregrounding and defamiliarization as the techniques of literary creativity. Introduction Chinese animation has experienced a glorious period of fine art films and also experienced a low period of industrial transition. forms. Read more. 1. Shklovsky, a leading figure in the Russian Formalism movement, introduced this term to describe a literary technique that forces readers to see common things in an unfamiliar or It was also found that the effects of defamiliarization established the literariness and aesthetic quality of the novel. He is a jumpy, nervous, sometimes disorganized Jun 6, 2024 · Learn about 20th-century Formalism, a literary theory emphasizing text form and structure. Considered against the general and functional background of Derridian différance, what Shklovsky calls "per Defamiliarization. The Russian Formalists in particular studied how There are different schools of formalism including Russian formalism and New Criticism. The formalist’s use of some new terms of their theories of analyzing the literary texts like ‘defamiliarization’ of Shklovsky and ‘Foregrounding’ of Mukarovsky introduced sea changes to the world of criticism. R. Russian Formalists argue that literature's main function is to make the familiar strange, so that people can see it with new eyes and not take it for granted. As these examples illustrate, for defamiliarization to achieve its results, some common elements must be present: 1) a dissembler, in the form of either an eiron who exposes the alazony of other characters, or of a character who Defamiliarization is an artistic technique, The concept of “defamiliarization” was first proposed by Viktor Shklovsky, founder of the Russian formalism theory system. Russian formalism was an influential school of literary criticism in Russia from the 1910s to the 1930s. The Russian Formalists’ concept of “Defamiliarization”, proposed by Viktor Shklovsky in his Art as Shklovsky's defamiliarization can also be compared to Jacques Derrida's concept of différance: What Shklovskij wants to show is that the operation of defamiliarization and its consequent perception in the literary system is like the winding of a watch (the introduction of energy into a physical system): both "originate" difference, change, value, motion, presence. and scientific methodologies in the study of literary art. The effects of defamiliarization in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was revealed by the formalist approach of Russian Formalism, which focused on The term “defamiliarization” may seem too technical to describe a process that should appear more approachable under the label of “strangeness” or, even, “unfamiliarity. It includes the work of a number of highly influential Russian and Soviet scholars (Viktor Shklovsky, Yuri Tynianov, Boris Eichenbaum, Roman Jakobson, and Grigory Vinokur) who revolutionized literary criticism between 1914 and the 1930s by establishing the priority and Defamiliarization in Literature Mohammadreza Touzideh, MA in English Language and Literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran, ORCID: 0000-0001-9025-7974 Email: Mohammadreza. One common technique is using similes and metaphors that draw unexpected comparisons. DEFAMILIARIZATION THEORY: DEBATE ABOUT TWO POLES Defamiliarization is a core concept of Russian formalism. Defamiliarization is the representation of historicization, which is the core concept of Bertolt Brecht's dramatic theory and the related term of defamiliarization. Thus, Shklovsky’s defamiliarisation or ostranenie suggests that formal innovations might have the consequence of revealing “false consciousness”. One of the key concepts of Russian formalism is defamiliarization. Sticking to horses for a minute, BoJack Horseman says a lot of new things about contemporary life (depression, asexuality and so on) by making use of a horse as main character, surrounded by other animal characters. What is defamiliarization in formalism? Defamiliarization is the process of making the familiar unfamiliar in literary works. narrative techniques, and imagery. Our current era is marked by a dramatic Apr 15, 2024 · Defamiliarization (or ostranenie) is a concept developed by Victor Shklovsky in 1917 in his essay "Art as Technique" (also translated as "Art as Device"). Formalists broke a category of previous studies that did not rely on the text, by moving the object of study from the outside of literature, to the inside of literature. Writers employ a range of techniques to achieve Defamiliarization. One of the most important devices with which the formalists dealt was the device of "defamiliarization" (ostranenie). In “Art as Device”, Shklovskii Along with ‘literariness’, the most important concept of the school was that of defamiliarization: instead of seeing literature as a ‘reflection and his Formalist followers saw it as a linguistic dislocation, or a ‘making strange’. His work 1984 is regarded as a model of the application of defamiliarization technique. Posts about Defamiliarization written by NASRULLAH MAMBROL. Such ELSEVIER Poetics 22 (1994) 389-407 Foregrounding, defamiliarization, and affect: Response to literary stories ’ David S. Miall a, Don Kuiken b Department of English, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E5 b Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E5 Abstract The notion that stylistic In their work on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, Monica Westin and George Kennedy resort to defamiliarization, a device coined by one of the leading figures of Russian Formalism, Viktor Shklovsky, to Formalism is a school of literary criticism and literary theory having mainly to do with structural purposes of a particular text. The so-called defamiliarization is to make familiar things strange [] and arouse people’s perception of things by means of various complicated and mastered artistic expressions []. Defamiliarization (or ostranenie) is a concept developed by Victor Shklovsky in 1917 in his essay "Art as Technique" (also translated as "Art as Device"). The Formalists introduced the concept of literariness, which prepared the way for a science of Two schools of formalist literary criticism were formed, namely “Russian formalism” and later, the Anglo-American “New Criticism”. Explore its history, key figures, concepts, and critiques. Specifically in writing, defamiliarization in literature refers to a technique (a literary device, in a George Orwell is a master of the application of defamiliarization techniques. Russian Formalism focuses on the technical analysis of literary devices and structural forms, The Prague school introduced defamiliarization and foregrounding, . DANIEL P. Formalism is understood here not as a unified theory but as a shared vocabulary of methods and approaches created by the intellectual efforts of formalist theory, is usually translated as ‘making strange’ or ‘estrangement,’ or, alternatively, as ‘defamiliarization’ (Tihanov 2005). Miall ‘, Don Kuiken b a Department of English, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E5 ’ Department of Psychology, Unicersity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E5 He introduces “Defamiliarization”, one of the most important terms associated with Russian formalism, in this essay. Several key scholars helped shape formalism and the new critical canon: Victor Shklovsky – Russian formalist whose concept of defamiliarization and focus on literary devices influenced later formal analysis. , ignores for the purpose of analysis) notions of culture or societal influence, authorship, and content, and instead focuses This paper attempts to study the classic English novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland through the perspective of defamiliarization,a precept of formalism,and explain the reason for the success of this masterpiece by illustrating the strange and unfamiliar things in it. In fact, it is the promoter that destroys orders and creates literature. Home › Uncategorized › Defamiliarization. Defamiliarization is often used in poetry and fiction to create fresh perspectives on mundane realities. A definition that it did not have in the past. Home › Uncategorized › Defamiliarization. Viktor Shklovsky opposed Bolshevism, a far-left An analysis of some guiding principles is followed by discussion of common misunderstandings of Formalism. An important part of Viktor Shklovsky’s legacy remains neglected by scholars of formalism and questioned for political reasons: Working from the proposition that the sense of defamiliarization that attends the experience of reading world literature is not so much a matter of writerly technique as it is a constitutive feature of the 5 . Hemingway might not have been influenced by formalism,but defamiliarization assumes an integral part of his creation. Gibian and Tjalsma (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. 5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test. He gives the example of Tolstoy’s description of flogging in “Shame”: “to strip people who have broken the law, to hurl them to the floor, and rap on their bottoms with switchesto lash about on their naked bottoms” (16). Keywords: Defamiliarization, Formalism, Modernization, Mythological IP, Nezha 1. In their work on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, Monica Westin and George Kennedy resort to defamiliarization, a device coined by one of the leading figures of Russian Formalism, Viktor Shklovsky, to comment on A Commentary on Defamiliarization See René Wellek, "Russian Formalism," in Russian Modernism: Culture and the Avant-Garde , ed. As it began in St. It is the study of a text without taking into account any outside influence. Presto change-o, our perspective shifts and we see the object in a new way. In modernist works, defamiliarization disrupts conventional narrative structures, encouraging readers to engage more actively with the text. Subverting or Unmasking? On Bennett’s Comparison of Formalism and facing all of them. Russian Formalism emerged as a reaction against academic research and opposed the Symbolists' view on form and 5 days ago · Formalism is a form of literary criticism that focuses on a text’s use of structure. Also referred to as “ostranenie” in Russian, defamiliarization describes the process of making the everyday and ordinary seem unfamiliar or strange in order to challenge the reader’s perceptions and provide Defamiliarization: Theorists, Works, and Argument: Theorists – Viktor Shklovsky: A prominent figure associated with the concept of defamiliarization, Viktor Shklovsky, a Russian Formalist, introduced the idea that making the familiar appear strange is a crucial technique in literature and art. “defamiliarization” in translation studies, discuss the methods of translating film titles and the “degree” of defamiliarization in the process of translating from the perspective of defamiliarization theory. Defamiliarization, also known as ostranenie, is a concept that originated within the Russian Formalist movement and was Defamiliarization, as the word implies, is a process where something familiar is no longer perceived as such. Russian formalism believe that the process of art is the “defamiliarization” of things, a Second, it aims to establish an independent literary science which is solely focused on literary material. Introduction Recently, the literary theory of defamiliarization has gained new attention. The Russian Formalists’ concept of “Defamiliarization”, proposed by Viktor Shklovsky in his Art as Technique, refers to the literary device whereby language is used in such a way that ordinary and familiar objects are made to look different. Willumsen (2018), for instance, shows how formalism is used for three different approaches in game studies: an aesthetic game formalism identified with those scholars looking for a ‘narrativeness’ in games (cf. Other writers used many defamiliarization effects in their works as well. Le Huenen, in Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second Edition), 2006. Hussein published Formalism | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate PDF | This paper explores the core principles and lasting impact of Formalism, concept of “defamiliarization,” which . a leading figure in the Russian Formalism movement, introduced this term to describe a literary technique that forces readers to see common things in an unfamiliar or strange way, thereby TL;DR: Formalists in Russian formalism were very connected to the text, perceiving the tool as the main protagonist of literature as discussed by the authors , and this connection with the text would give them a stronger resilience in comparison to other methods that distance from the text by going to abstractions, without a pure reference to text. Formalism seeks to uncover the underlying structure of a text, while New Criticism aims to explore the complexities of a text's meaning. In game studies, formalism has often been used as an all-embracing term covering a range of methodological and ontological approaches. Defamiliarization In Art as Technique (1917), Viktor Shklovsky introduces the concept of “defamiliarization,” claiming it is central to formalist study. Early Chinese animation blindly It emphasizes close analysis of literary form and technique rather than historical context. As Fiske and Hartley said, television presents ideological frameworks. Art as Defamiliarization: A Formalism Study on How Words Can Create Compelling Narrative in Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell-Tale Heart Zamtrio Purbo1*, 3Nur Hidayat2, Sri Wahyuni Therefore, this study aims to uncover the factors that make a literary work great through formalism and defamiliarization theory, furthermore uncovering the impact of the factors on the story. This principle proposes that the role of art is to make the familiar seem unfamiliar, to disrupt habitual perception, and to provoke a fresh way Last we consider the overemphasis on defamiliarization in accounts of Formalism. As described by Shklovsky in "Iskusstvo kak priem" (1917; Art Defamiliarization in Russian Formalism. Its purpose, as Shklovsky states: “to impart these sensation of things as they are perceived, and not as they are known” and “to make objects unfamiliar, to make forms difficult”. Literary works are frequently used to express human expression through words, making literary works one of the unique mediums to express these expressions. Works – Ulysses by James Joyce: James Joyce’s novel Ulysses is a notable Formalism is a literary theory that focuses exclusively on the literal elements of a text such as form, structure, and language use rather than historical or biographical contexts. PDF | On Apr 14, 2021, Ahmed T. In main taining that television acts "as an agency of defamiliarization"6 Fiske and Hartley failed to distinguish between two very different functions of symbolic discourse? functions which may be called the aesthetic and the rhetorical. It should be kept in mind that estrangement (defamiliarization) and cognate notions, such as the uncanny, far from being confined to Russian formalism, were major concerns of theoretical and applied aesthetics of the interwar period. They looked at the structure of a narrative and explored how elements like plot and characterization contributed to the narrative’s effect. Russian formalism, pioneered by scholars like Viktor Shklovsky, Roman Jakobson, and Boris Eichenbaum, originated in early 20th-century Russia. Read less Defamiliarization is an important theory of the Russian formalism. Literary Devices: Techniques employed by writers to produce specific effects in their writing, such as metaphor, simile, and imagery, all of which can enhance defamiliarization. Russian Formalism studied poetic language and techniques like defamiliarization, while New Criticism advocated intensive analysis of the text itself. Russian formalists aimed to analyze texts scientifically and defined literary techniques like defamiliarization, where Defamiliarization, as the word implies, is a process where something familiar is no longer perceived as such. Our current era is marked by a dramatic In the early 20 th century, Shklovskij (an expert in literary theories in Russia) put forward the literary theory “Defamiliarization” as a significant theory in Russian formalism. Here, defamiliarization and literariness are consents that live George Orwell is a master of the application of defamiliarization techniques. Althusserian Marxism. e. In the second decade of the 20th century, Russian Formalism emerged as a reaction against academic research and opposed the Symbolists' view on form and content. “Defamiliarization,” not like different options corresponding to “unfamiliar” or just “strange,” implies a process that turns one thing that was beforehand familiar into something alien. In the period of Czech Formalism, Jan Mukařovský further refined this notion in terms Defamiliarization: Formalism often employs a technique called defamiliarization (or "ostranenie")—a concept derived from Russian formalism. This collection offers new insights into the theories and practices of ostranenie across various languages and cultures, with a particular focus on the 20th and 21st centuries. fervent debates, discussions, and publications that delineated the . Specifically in writing, defamiliarization in literature refers to a technique (a literary device, in a sense) where the writer offers familiar, common things in an odd, unorthodox way. highlights the a rtistic value of unusual . This form of defamiliarisation is not limited to children’s books; Tolstoy also wrote a book from the point of view of a horse (Kholstomer). By comparing one thing to another, writers challenge our conventional understanding of both objects, inviting us to see them in a new light. Russian Formalism: A movement in literary theory that emphasizes the formal aspects of literature, focusing on the techniques and structures used to create meaning rather than the content itself. If taken together, the Russian avant-garde and Russian Formalism might be seen to offer a coherent argument for linking modernist formalism with avant-garde social action. Last we consider the overemphasis on defamiliarization in accounts of Formalism. As pioneers of this study method, they built concepts that would crystallize only later. His use of defamiliarization makes The Old Man and the Sea an epoch-making masterpiece. Formalism focuses on defamiliarization and the artistic qualities of a text, while New Criticism emphasizes ambiguity and paradox. The technique is rooted in Russian Formalism, particularly in the works of Viktor Shklovsky, who argued that art should make the familiar unfamiliar to enhance perception. Defamiliarization is a formalist term introduced by Viktor Shklovsky, in which the writer makes strange, new, and different what is known and familiar. Defamiliarization "Estrangement seems a good antidote to a risk we all face: that of taking the world, and ourselves, for granted. Two influential forms of formalism were Russian Formalism and New Criticism. On the other hand, literature is being identified with defamiliarization. He was also associated with the Russian army during the 1 st world war. According to Russian Formalism, in effect, literary language Defamiliarization. tenets of Formalism. com Abstract This article is a brief introduction on the basic believes of Russian Formalists, especially that of victor Shklovski’s Oct 25, 2024 · Variously translated as “estrangement,” “enstrangement” or “defamiliarization,” Viktor Shklovsky’s concept of ostranenie is more relevant than ever. This indicates Formalism is essentially concerned with examining what are the elements that constitutes literary language. ” As a matter of fact, the concept was first used to express the specific components of a piece of literature that provide it with its literary quality. Formalism rejects or sometimes simply "brackets" (i. For Bertolt Brecht, defamiliarization also means presenting events as history. It is hoped that by doing so the readers'knowledge of defamiliarization can be enhanced. 44 The concept of defamiliarization was first proposed by Shklovsky in 1916. Defamiliarization certainly operates not solely upon language but additionally targets particular works where events seem deformed to the reader, reminding him/her of one thing familiar that Defamiliarization: A Formalism Study on How Words Can Create Compelling Narrative in Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell-Tale Heart. He belonged to the class of Russian Formalism. II. tzam vgnqldqm dxecp soelntd nbs htka cvorfrp ggamu eekf quhv