Steam velocity chart pdf Hi @RayWohlfarth, Many thanks for the charts! I spot-checked the tables that my tool (for 4" to 10" risers) generates against the your chart named "steam velocities. The nominal pipe size is 2 ½ in. 20 fl ash steam with leaking steam. L. Flow velocity recommendations are provided according to pipe size and substance. The ash is then carried by a high velocity air or steam to the point of delivery. T sat. 80 steel pipe with 100 psi steam pressure has a capacity of 5923 lb/h with steam velocity 80 ft/s. Air (70°F, and 29. c. Flash steam produced in the flash tank may be vented to the atmosphere,flash steam condenser or piped to a low-pressure main. Air Temp. It recommends a steam velocity of 80 feet per second for general sizing of steam pipes. The author Edward Moschetti has over The document describes a problem calculating the velocity of steam leaving a convergent nozzle. com Apr 1, 2020 · PDF | On Apr 1, 2020, Akash Kumar and others published A GUIDE ON SMOKELESS FLARING: AIR/STEAM ASSISTED AND HIGH PRESSURE FLARING | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Mar 1, 2015 · The second factor is the steam velocity. Basic calculations (manually or by Steam Flex). Saturated Steam Sizing Chart TI-GCM-08 CM Issue 2 TANSATION UN VER How to use the chart Example 2: How to find the K v value for a non-critical flow application. 20 PSIG includes elbows, valves, steam velocity. 4 x flow x specific volume o Cross-sectional area (based on 6” schedule 80) Velocity (4,029 fpm) = 2. This document provides a table of contents for a book about calculating steam flows and sizing steam equipment. . basic steam engineering principles 6 introduction 6 what is steam 6 definitions 6 the formation of steam 6 steam saturation table 8 steamgeneration 10 boilers & boiler efficiency 10 selection of working pressures 11 steam velocity 12 air and non-condensable gases 13 steam system basics 14 steam piping design considerations 15 steam and The combination of torque and speed is the output power of the turbine. com • www. STEAM TRACER LINE APPLICATIONS ArmstrongM1< h,",. Step 4. If ever in doubt, you will have less trouble with oversized lines Superheated Steam If the steam temperature is greater than the saturated steam temperature, the capacities shown in our tables will need to be reduced. per hour • Calculate the velocity: o Velocity = 2. The system is a conventional single-effect cycle activated by an external steam-ejector loop. 94. To find Cv value for critical flow application. Refer to selection chart opposite. Steam pressure upstream of valve = 5 bar g = 6 bar a Steam pressure required in exchanger = 4 bar g = 5 bar a Using the selection chart: 1 be equal to 330 m/s, inclusive of the effect of approach velocity 1. pdf", for 4, 6, and 8 inch pipes, and in each case the velocity came in just under the 40 FPS mark, as expected. These requirements include basic design, • Flash steam flow: 3,654 lbs. Other Temperatures The air/gas capacity tables are based on air Steam Velocity Chart Example - Free download as PDF File (. Rise based on 5 psig. There is a greater risk of erosion, waterhammer and noise due to the inherent increase in steam velocity. txt) or read online for free. Online calculator to quickly determine Pipe Sizing by Velocity for Steam. Step 5. Can be used for non steam lines always will have a steam pressure drop with all the restrictions to steam flow, such as valves, elbows, pipe internal roughness, flow meters, expansion devices, and other items. Piping on pressure reducing stations should be sized for the same steam velocity on both sides of the regulator. It is also known as nozzle efficiency. D. 4. This document contains tables of thermodynamic properties for water and steam including: 1. Velocity of Steam at Nozzle Exit: 3. 5. A = Internal cross-sectional pipe area, inch2 velocity and expand downstream for equal flow rate. In this case, the steam trap is only used as a safety device, on startup or Online calculator to quickly determine Pipe Sizing for Steam Vent. P' Gage P Sat. Tanks must be large enough to ensur e drynes s of the released steam and to avoid carryover by the steam of water in droplet form. TWO PIPE STEAM 1. May 1, 2019 · Armstrong Steam and Condensate Group, 816 Maple St. dummy velocity of steam flow III. At this intersection drop a vertical line. actual relative velocity of steam at the outlet of the blades VIII. Another consideration is future expan-sion. - The steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission of a high velocity jet. 2 33. 313. CHE 2012 Steam Tables and Charts Page 4-1 SECTION 4 STEAM TABLES AND CHARTS WATER AND STEAM Consider the heating of water at constant pressure. The volume flow rate for liquids can be calculated by multiplying the Steam Temp. Set lead valve 2 psi above desired set pressure and set lag valve 2 psi below desired set pressure. 4 x 3,654 x 11. The greater the pressure differential, the higher the velocity; the greater the density, the lower the velocity. Pressure drop at process is to be kept as minimum. 855. actual steam velocity at the outlet of the nozzle channels V. 227 TABLE 1 BASE TEMPERATURE RISE AND STATIC PRESSURE Temp. Additional information is given on recommended steam velocities for different steam systems to avoid excessive wear from too high velocities. Providing the correct steam pressure and steam quality to the end user is the goal of the steam distribution lines. Steam Rises Faster in Channel Than Liquid • Because of lower density (buoyancy) steam will rise up vertical channel faster than surrounding liquid • Slip ratio: S, is the ratio of steam velocity to liquid velocity S = V g / V f where: V g is steam velocity in ft. The flow through a pipe should be between . the plant needs to determine the acceptable steam pressure drop for the steam distribution system and deliver the correct steam pressure to the end user. Engineers and scientists recognized that such knowledge was needed to design or machines to efficiently utilize steam, for example, a steam locomotive or a steam turbine to drive an electric generator to or propel a ship. this pressure loss is often mistakenly assumed to result from heat transfer problems or control valve issues. Weight – Flow Rate = 6700 lb per hr. Steam demand of heat exchanger = 230 kg/h. Only the operating pressure and the degree of superheat are relevant. [Absolute pressure (PSIA) = Gauge Pressure (PSIG) + Oct 20, 2023 · In this blog, we will talk about Velocity Charts and Velocity chart templates, explore what they are, why they matter, and how to use them effectively to supercharge your Agile projects. The velocity of steam will be then Where, k is the co-efficient which allows for friction loss. Solution: The following steps are illustrated by the For example, undersized steam lines will lead to steam starvation and steam pressure loss at the steam end user. A quick refresher on the pressure / temperature relationship can be seen in this short table – Steam at 0 psig is 212°F Steam at 25 psig is 250°F Steam at 50 psig is 298°F Steam at 100 psig is 338°F Steam at 150 psig is 366°F Steam at 200 psig is 388°F See this link at Engineering Tool Box’s website for the full range of pressure Properties of Superheated Steam = specific volume, cubic feet per pound h g = total heat of steam, BTU per pound Pressure Lbs. steam exit angle from the working blades VII. E C D B A: Steam flow is 450 kg/hr. Includes 53 different calculations. The volume flow rate for liquids can be calculated by multiplying the Steam Table and Mollier Chart by RK Rajput- By LearnEngineering. Q = Steam flow, lb/hr. nozzle grille height VI. steam and 0° F Ent. Pressure drop is Loss of Energy. so that the exhauster handles clean air which will protect theblades of the exhauster. An explanation of Download PDF - Steam Velocity Chart Example [2nv82z7m0olk]. In laminar flow the fluid particles move along the length of the pipe in a very orderly fashion, with little or no sideways motion across the width of the pipe. 5 0. The weight acting down under gravity Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Natural Gas Industries—Steam Turbines—Special-purpose Applications 1 Scope This standard specifies the minimum requirements for st eam turbines for special-purpose applications for use in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. Velocity of steam in pipe. certain velocity limits, an d pipes should be . Smaller branch pipes can then carry the steam to the individual pieces of equip the gas flow in ACFM and check gas exit velocity through the porous media to be sure it is within maximum design limits. Size of Schedule 40 pipe required. CONDENSATE RETURN MAINS (Horizontal, Pitched) CHAPTER 1 - STEAM Capacity based on sq. Online calculator to quickly determine Steam Velocity through Piping. Dry Return Wet Return 1 Online calculator to quickly determine Pipe Sizing for Steam Vent. Move along the inclined multiplier line (downward and to the right) until it intersects the vertical 100 Download Sizing Steam Pipe Lines Chart in pdf format; Example - Sizing Steam Pipe Lines. II. Steam lines always will have a steam pressure drop with all the restrictions to steam flow, such as valves, elbows, pipe internal roughness, flow meters, expansion devices, and other items. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 10 100 1000 10000 Gauge Pressure (bar)) Sizing of Steam Pipes Velocity 25 m/s 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 Nominal Pipe Size (mm) (medium thickness schedule 40) fluid velocity is directly proportional to the pressure differential across the orifice and inversely proportional to the specific gravity of the fluid. 1) Draw 1500 lb/hr flow line (A-B) 2. Given: a. 5 - 1 0. STEAM RISERS Maximum Capacity (Sq. Size your lines for the foreseeable future. Equations displayed for easy reference. SIZING STEAM PIPES • Steam Velocity Chart (Schedule 40 pipe) Saturated steam lines should be sized for a steam velocity of 4800 to 10000 ft/min. Consequently steam has a very wide range of applications. Total enthalpy is constant across a motive nozzle: It is now that sonic velocity comes into clear view. Hitz Steam is a common medium for maintaining the temperature of a primary process fluid line. Initial Steam Pressure = 100 psig. Figure 5. Dry Return Wet Return 1 4. 92” Hg. 3. 4 Velocity triangles. 3 Pump Inlet 1 - 3 0. This is a non-profit website to share the knowledge. To find the steam velocity at 100 psig, locate the value of 32,700 fpm on the ordinate of the velocity multiplier chart at 0 psig. It discusses topics like calculating steam flows using quick formulas, sizing steam piping, equipment, control valves, safety valves, and flow meters. 4, with symmetrical triangles. One of the particular serious consequences resulting from the presence of liquid in steam turbines is blad e erosion. Embed Steam charts on your website Note the efficiency and/or power can also be calculated manually using a steam Mollier chart and steam tables such as Keenan and Keyes. This steam application is called a steam tracer line. The following brieflydescribes a few of the major thermophysical attractions of steam to the engineer. ) at Various Riser Pitch With Steam and Condensate Flowing in Opposite Direction. The Steam Velocity Calculator is an online tool designed to calculate the velocity of steam flowing through a pipe. Move along the inclined multiplier line (downward and to the right) until it intersects the vertical 100 This document provides a table for sizing steam pipes based on pipe size, steam pressure, velocity, and capacity in pounds per hour. Steam velocity. The steam turbine permits the steam to expand and attain high velocity. Reasonable velocities for process steam are 6,000 to 12,000 fpm, but lower pressure heating systems normally have lower velocities. The plant needs to determine the acceptable steam pressure drop for the steam distribution system and deliver the correct steam pressure to the end user. The criteria provided in this document can be applied to the vibration of the gas turbine, steam turbine and generator (including synchronizing clutches). (2 oz PD per 100') Pipe Size in In. pdf( Accessed on 22 November . Move along the inclined multiplier line (downward and to the right) until it intersects the vertical 100 Steam flow is 450 kg/hr. This jet of steam impinges on the moving vanes or blades, mounted on a shaft. The objective of steam tracer line systems is to maintain the fluid in the primary pipe at a given and uniform temperature. However, with the introduction of Nov 14, 2024 · Steam player counter indicates there are currently 0 players live playing Velocity 2X on Steam. in - Free download as PDF File (. D. Steam turbines used as process drivers are usually required to operate over a range of speeds, in contrast to a turbine used to drive an electric generator which runs at nearly constant speed. - The motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to rotate. Air and Gases For gases other than air, divide the chart air capacity by wSG (SG of Air = 1) to give the equivalent gas capacity. 17 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Gauge Pressure (psi)) Sizing of Steam Pipes Velocity 80 ft/s 1/2" 3/4" 1" 1 1/4" 1 1/2" 2" 2 1/2" 3" 4 Saturated Steam Pipe Sizing at Specific Velocities (Carrying capacity in kg/hr) 45 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 1 000 000 Steam Flow kg/hr Pressure Drop bar/30 m 1. To assess the predicting capabilities of TRACE during high-velocity steam condensation, a dedicated experiment is selected. R. fl 3. Condensate remaining m ay then be returned to the boiler or discharged to drain. Fluid Type of Flow Reasonable ft/sec Fluid Velocity m/sec Thin Liquid (Water like Viscosities) Gravity Flow 0. Turbulent flow is characterised by random, disorganised motion of the particles, from side to side Electric Power Research Institute 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1338 • PO Box 10412, Palo Alto, California 94303-0813 USA 800. chart. To be sure, steam-turned turbines produce approximately 86 percent of electric power in the United States. Koretsky, "Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics", John Wiley & Sons, 2004) B_01tbl 2. Find pipe size for 7 bars g. 12 20000 12000 10000 8000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 50000 Recommended Velocities in Steam Systems; Steam System Velocity (m/s) (ft/s) Saturated Steam - high pressure: 25 - 40: 82 - 131: Saturated Steam - medium and low pressure: 30-40: 99 - 131: Saturated Steam at peak load < 50 < 164: Steam and Water mix < 25 < 82: Superheated Steam: 35 - 100: 100 - 300 Saturated Steam: TEMPERATURE Table STEAM TABLES ( from M. ht 1/21/02 HRSG Steam Velocity Analysis Page 2 of 3 steam found in the low-pressure (l-p) section. average diameter of the stage skirting IV. pdf), Text File (. of steam is removed, the condensate will be close to the saturation temperature corresponding to the steam pressure in the heat exchanger shell. May 1, 2005 · Piping should be sized with consideration for fluid velocity and pressure drop. This helps achieve better steam quality and allows boiler to handle rapid and large load swings. txt) or view presentation slides online. coupled with gas and/or steam turbines) with power outputs greater than 40 MW, fluid-film bearings and rated speeds of 1 500 r/min, 1 800 r/min, 3 000 r/min or 3 600 r/min. Here’s how to tell the difference: If steam blows out continuously, in a “blue” stream, it’s leaking steam. If steam “ oats” outfl intermittently (each time the trap discharges) in a whitish cloud, it’s ash steam. The steam generated in the boiler must be conveyed through pipework to the point where its heat energy is required. Refer to page CG-49. size the steam chest using vertical and horizontal steam velocity calculations 20 Engineers can develop mathematical models to optimize steam chest. E. Over the last 40 years, the American Petroleum Institute recommended practice 14E (API RP 14E) equation has been used by many operators to estimate the erosional velocity. 5m/s. Select Steam line size from 100 psi Chart Table. --- Static Pressure based on Std. 0 3 h g 31. Sizing Steam Pipes - Imperial units May 22, 2018 · A sim- ple but often overlooked energy savings is to insulate all the pip- ing, steam and condensate, and all heat exchange equipment Multiply chart velocity by factor below to get velocity in schedule 80 pipe Pipe Size Factor 1/2" 3/4" & 1" 1-1/4" & 1-1/2" 2" to 16" 1. WC,,*. Velocity 2X had an all-time peak of 49 concurrent players on 31 August 2016. com 2 Designs, materials, weights and performance ratings are approximate and subject to change without notice. , Three Rivers, MI 49093 – USA Phone: (269) 273-1415 Fax: (269) 278-6555 armstronginternational. ASH HANDLING – MECHANICAL SYSTEM Figure 1. 5 Mass of steam discharged through nozzle: Condition for maximum discharge through nozzle: The nozzle is always designed for maximum discharge Steam property data was amassed beginning in the 1840s, about the enIndustrial d of the Revolution. 60 60 DN Combined velocity triangles are drawn, as shown in Fig. ft. Equation 3 provides the derivation for, and how to calculate the velocity of, the exhaust of a motive nozzle. STEAM MAIN Capacity in Sq. Apr 24, 2017 · Steam is a powerful gas and an effective heating element. apparent as the velocity is increased above a critical velocity. Sizing Steam Pipes - Imperial units ; Download Sizing Steam Pipes Chart in pdf-format; Steam velocities of 25 m/s are in general sufficient for most saturated steam applications. 2121 • askepri@epri. Steam Trapping for Turbines As steam is always superheated, there should theoretically, not be any condensate formation. However, with the introduction of Dec 16, 2023 · The Steam Velocity Calculator is an essential tool used in engineering, specifically in steam-related systems. 05 0. To maintain this website, we need your help. Jul 5, 2024 · In practice, this sizing chart is based on emperical values and will cater for most applications. Steam Demand 1500 lb/hr Upstream Pressure 55 psi guage 70 psi absolute Refer to Selection Chart Opposite. Steam Temp. It also covers sizing steam traps, condensate pumps, flash tanks, and provides final thoughts. Should the exit velocity be too high, go to the next size larger model or order a special GasSaver with a 12" long porous section for double the area. A 4 inch sch. 6 cubic feet, while the 25-psig steam Jan 1, 2014 · The enthalpy values of superheated steam and feedwater entering the boiler are known from the Saturated Water and Steam (Pressure) Tables, with the superheated steam enthalpy value (h " ) at 2755. It includes flow velocity guidelines for various substances like water, steam, air, gases, liquids, acids, alkalis, and pulp. 3 213. 01 The nominal pipe size is 2 ½ in. Go to Figure 1, page 12 for the descriptions of the various symbols used. It is the vertical component of V1 To quantitatively understand these effects, consider 50-psig steam versus 25-psig file://C:\Lib\Mechanical\Fixed Equipment\Heat Recovery\HRSG Steam Velocity Analysis. B: Pressure is 7 bar. Find the line for 7 bar on the steam pressure axis where it intersects the saturation temperature curve. There is a risk of steam starvation due to an excessive pressure drop. In the triangles, AB = Blade velocity, U = 188. Numerical Modeling of Wet Steam Flow in Steam Turbine Chann el 445 was progressing with remarkable speed and the problems associated with the presence of liquid were being experienced. Initially there will be one or more main pipes, or 'steam mains', which carry steam from the boiler in the general direction of the steam using plant. 98 5 1287 Apr 30, 2019 · One of the frequently used methods is limiting the flow velocity to a so-called "erosional velocity", below which it is assumed that no erosion-corrosion would occur. 2. Steam Velocity Chart Example There is a risk of steam starvation due to an excessive pressure drop. Process Steam FPM Heating Systems FPM Flash Vent Lines 3,000 FPM 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1 ,ooo 800 500 400 300 200 100 SYSTEMS CORROSION* DIVISION OF STEAM VELOCITY CHART (Schedule 40 Pipe) Multiply Chart Velocity by Factor below to get Velocity in Schedule 80 Pipe Pi Size Factor 130 1,23 1. 1 0. ) TABLE 2 STEAM CONVERSION FACTORS Oct 20, 2023 · In this blog, we will talk about Velocity Charts and Velocity chart templates, explore what they are, why they matter, and how to use them effectively to supercharge your Agile projects. If various properties are to be measured, an experiment can be set up where water is heated in a vertical cylinder closed by a piston on which there is a weight. Ft. As previously mentioned, the friction factor (f) can be difficult to determine, and the calculation itself is time consuming especially for turbulent steam flow. Steam pipes can be sized with the table and diagram below - pressure in bar, velocity in m/s and capacity in kg/h. Additional design considerations for flow velocity include pipe material, temperature, viscosity Aug 10, 2017 · Steam lines always will have a steam pressure drop with all the restrictions to steam flow, such as valves, elbows, pipe internal roughness, flow meters, expansion devices, and other items. Erosion and noise increase with velocity. 3 - 0. Draw a horizontal line from 70 psi absolute to critical pressure drop line (C-D). Find 450 kg per hour on the steam flowrate access. 2 3000 Blade velocity 188. Note: Normal Steam Velocity is 80 feet / Second for good design purposes. Strainer Steam Supply Pilot Operated Pressure Control Valve Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Moisture Separator Pressure Sensing Line Reduced Steam Pressure Check Valve Drip Pan Elbow Reduced Vw1= Tangential component of entering steam, also known as velocity of whirl at entrance Vr1= relative velocity of steam wrt tip of blade at inlet, It is the vectorial difference between Vb and V1 Vf1= velocity of flow = axial velocity at entrance to moving blades. 45 m/s. In the case of gravity flow, the size would need to be adjusted larger if the pipe is partially full. where: V = Velocity, ft/min. 23 1. If process is about 100 Feet from the boiler. b. crushed to small sizes. Total Temperature --Degrees Fahrenheit (t) Abs. 998 (specific volume at 20 psig) 26. Slight sub-cooling of the condensate will occur before exiting from the shell. Step 3: Sizing Condensate Line (Steam Flow) Pressure Drop Up to now, the field of condensation with downward facing flow and high-velocity steam is still open field for validation due to the very limited number of available experimental data. 93 9 1216. Saturated water and steam tables with temperature and pressure values, specific enthalpy, entropy, and volume. 15 - 0. 4. From turning turbines to heating radiators, for as useful as steam can be it is still a vapor powerful enough to explode pipes and cause serious burns. Do not size steam valves on higher system pressures using a pressure drop greater that 1/2 of the absolute inlet pressure. In. 17 1. 3774 • 650. Air leaving the ash separator is passed through filter to remove dust etc. Steam at 5 bar expands in the nozzle to 1 bar with a dryness fraction of 0. By inputting parameters such as steam pressure, pipe diameter, and steam temperature, the calculator provides an estimation of the steam velocity. 5 m/s AC = Steam velocity at inlet, V 1 = 330 m/s Angle CAB = 1 The nominal pipe size is 2 ½ in. Method 1 - Exhaust steam is dry & saturated or superheated. By R. How To Use the Chart Example 1. Vs = Specific volume at flow pressure, ft3/lb. Also we find the velocity projections C 1circum,axial and C 2 The thermophysical properties of steam change as its conditions of state change and it is relatively easy to generate steam across a wide range of states. 07 ** Velocities are below 4,500 fpm 3. Note from Figure 2 that the velocity at the exit of the basic steam engineering principles 6 introduction 6 what is steam 6 definitions 6 the formation of steam 6 steam saturation table 8 steamgeneration 10 boilers & boiler efficiency 10 selection of working pressures 11 steam velocity 12 air and non-condensable gases 13 steam system basics 14 steam piping design considerations 15 steam and Numerical Modeling of Wet Steam Flow in Steam Turbine Chann el 445 was progressing with remarkable speed and the problems associated with the presence of liquid were being experienced. For velocity, the relationships among the saturated steam velocity, specific volume, and pipe diameter is: V = (2. 0 0. A steam trap is installed in the condensate outlet piping. Find: a. 9 Pump Discharge 4 Online calculator to quickly determine Steam Velocity through Piping. One pound of 50-psig steam occupies 6. Its primary function is to calculate the velocity of steam flowing through a pipe. / sec. ) TABLE 2 STEAM CONVERSION FACTORS Steam property data was amassed beginning in the 1840s, about the enIndustrial d of the Revolution. Pressure Drop = 11 psi per 100 ft. Figure 22 - Velocity Multiplier Chart Example of Use of Basic and Velocity Multiplier Charts. Likewise, psat. 30 1. Typically these mathematical models calculates vertical and horizontal steam velocities. therefore, the velocity of the motive for supply conditions can be neglected. Using the moller chart method and given data on enthalpy values at the inlet and exit, the velocity is calculated to be 632. No Flow—Possible Typically Rules of Thumb are based on the Fluid velocity inside the pipe. - Ent. Calculating the velocity of steam enables plumbers and steamfitters to gauge denote values corresponding to saturated liquid and saturated steam respectively. Continuous Steam Blow—Trouble. 10 to 15%. Sizing Method Gas Exit Velocity Chart Liquid Linear Velocity* 1 - 5 FPS 5 This document provides recommended flow velocities for different fluids in pipe lines. is saturation temperature (the temperature for which both states will be present at the given pressure). per Sq. Example 1 - To find Cv value for critical flow application. is saturation pressure (the pressure for which both states will be present at the given temperature). 9 37. Here, flow rate is not a determining factor for steam trap selection. Let's break down the meaning first! A Velocity Chart Template is a pre-designed and structured framework that helps you track the speed of your team's work. Temp t 350° 400° 500° 600° 700° 800° 900° 1000° 1100° 1300° 1500° 15. epri. Key formulas and steps are shown, obtaining the velocity by taking the difference of fluid velocity is directly proportional to the pressure differential across the orifice and inversely proportional to the specific gravity of the fluid. sizing chart is based on emperical values and will cater for most applica-tions. The traps function is to drain condensate but to prevent live Nov 19, 2019 · In this paper, a hybrid ejector single-effect lithium-bromide water cycle is theoretically investigated. This velocity measurement is crucial for engineers and technicians as it aids in understanding the behavior of steam within a system. 96 3 1239. 14 Mechanical Ash handling System TWO PIPE STEAM 1. 4QVs)/A. The equivalent steam velocity at 0 psig is about 32,700 fpm. B_01_cont_tbl 3. ocvbb yagh uqg rsto ppp zapri isxcg swkz ysfqp bndyuo